Exercise sheet IX
نویسنده
چکیده
so that the creation operator is separated from the annihilation one. Later, we will also need the concept of normal order ; so let us define the normal ordering symbol N() to place whatever operators in normal order, for example N ( a(p)a(k)†a(q) ) ≡ a(k)†a(p)a(q) . (4) The meaning of the “time–ordering” symbol T is well known: it instructs us to place the operators that follow in order with the latest to the left. Hence, the Eq. (1) could be rewritten explicitly:
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